What is a gearbox? What are the functions?

A gearbox is a mechanical device used to transmit power and regulate rotational speed. It is composed of multiple gears, each with a different size and shape. Through the mutual meshing of gears, the gearbox can convert the speed and torque of the input shaft into different speeds and torques of the output shaft, thereby meeting the needs of different mechanical equipment.

The main functions of a gearbox are:

（1） Acceleration and deceleration
The gearbox can achieve the functions of acceleration and deceleration. In some situations where high speed is required, the gearbox can increase the speed; In situations where low speed and high torque are required, gearboxes can reduce speed and increase torque to meet the operational needs of mechanical equipment.

（2） Change the transmission direction
Gearboxes can change the direction of transmission. For example, by using two sector gears, force can be transmitted vertically to another axis of rotation, thereby achieving a change in transmission direction. This function has been widely used in many mechanical devices, such as the differential of automobiles.

（3） Change the rotational torque
Under the same power conditions, the gearbox can change the rotational torque by adjusting the operating speed of the gears. The faster the gear rotates, the smaller the torque on the shaft, and vice versa. This feature enables the gearbox to flexibly adjust torque according to actual needs to adapt to different working scenarios.

（4） Clutch function
The gearbox also has a clutch function. By separating two originally meshing gears, the engine can be separated from the load, achieving a clutch effect. For example, in the transmission of a car, the clutch achieves this function through a gearbox.


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